STRATEGI PENGUATAN KELEMBAGAAN PETANI SWADAYA DALAM MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK KELAPA SAWIT BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI SERTIFIKASI INDONESIAN SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL (ISPO)

Abstrak

Industri kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu sektor strategis bagi perekonomian Indonesia dengan kontribusi devisa mencapai US$22-39 miliar dalam lima tahun terakhir. Namun, tantangan keberlanjutan lingkungan dan sosial yang dihadapi industri ini menuntut adopsi praktik berkelanjutan melalui sertifikasi Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). Petani swadaya sebagai bagian penting dalam rantai pasok kelapa sawit menghadapi berbagai keterbatasan dalam mengimplementasikan praktik berkelanjutan dan memperoleh sertifikasi ISPO. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi penguatan kelembagaan petani swadaya dan dampaknya terhadap manajemen rantai pasok kelapa sawit berkelanjutan melalui adopsi sertifikasi ISPO. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus pada kelompok tani kelapa sawit di tiga provinsi utama penghasil kelapa sawit. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan kelembagaan petani melalui pembentukan koperasi dan kelompok tani yang solid dapat meningkatkan posisi tawar petani, memfasilitasi akses terhadap sertifikasi ISPO, dan memperbaiki kualitas manajemen rantai pasok. Strategi penguatan kelembagaan yang efektif meliputi peningkatan kapasitas organisasi, pengembangan kemitraan strategis, dan implementasi sistem manajemen informasi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pengembangan kebijakan yang mendukung inklusi petani swadaya dalam rantai pasok kelapa sawit berkelanjutan.

The palm oil industry is one of the strategic sectors for Indonesia's economy, contributing foreign exchange of US$22-39 billion in the last five years. However, environmental and social sustainability challenges faced by this industry demand the adoption of sustainable practices through Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification. Independent smallholders as an important part of the palm oil supply chain face various limitations in implementing sustainable practices and obtaining ISPO certification. This research aims to analyze strategies for strengthening independent smallholder farmer institutions and their impact on sustainable palm oil supply chain management through ISPO certification adoption. The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies on palm oil farmer groups in three main palm oil-producing provinces. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The results show that strengthening farmer institutions through the formation of solid cooperatives and farmer groups can improve farmers' bargaining position, facilitate access to ISPO certification, and improve supply chain management quality. Effective institutional strengthening strategies include organizational capacity building, strategic partnership development, and information management system implementation. This research provides important contributions to policy development that supports the inclusion of independent smallholders in sustainable palm oil supply chains.