FDI, HUTANG NEGARA, INFLASI, KURS, DAN APBN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Government Debt, Exchange Rate, Inflation, dan Government Expenditure terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Pertumbuhan ekonomi diukur berdasarkan persentase perubahan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) tahunan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Bank Indonesia, Kementerian Keuangan, dan World Bank. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Foreign Direct Investment dan Government Expenditure berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebaliknya, Government Debt, Exchange Rate, dan Inflation berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Variabel Government Expenditure memiliki pengaruh paling dominan dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kualitas belanja pemerintah serta peningkatan arus investasi asing langsung menjadi faktor penting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, sementara stabilitas makroekonomi perlu dijaga agar tidak menghambat kinerja ekonomi nasional.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Government Debt, Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Government Expenditure on economic growth in Indonesia. Economic growth is measured by the percentage change in annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The data used are secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bank Indonesia, the Ministry of Finance, and the World Bank. The analytical method used is Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that Foreign Direct Investment and Government Expenditure have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Conversely, Government Debt, Exchange Rate, and Inflation have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Government Expenditure has the most dominant influence in driving economic growth. These findings indicate that improving the quality of government spending and increasing the flow of foreign direct investment are important factors in driving Indonesia's economic growth, while maintaining macroeconomic stability to prevent it from hampering national economic performance.