ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL TERHADAP FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu kinerja keuangan Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) di Indonesia selama periode 2015–2024 menggunakan Analisis Regresi Data Panel. Kinerja keuangan diproksikan melalui Return on Assets (ROA), sementara variabel independen meliputi Non Performing Financing (NPF). Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), dan Ukuran Bank (SIZE). Berdasarkan hasil Uji Chow dan Uji Hausman, Model Fixed Effect (FEM) terpilih sebagai model estimasi terbaik. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan, semua variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Secara parsial, NPF dan BOPO ditemukan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA, mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan risiko kredit dan inefisiensi operasional secara langsung menekan profitabilitas bank. Sebaliknya, Ukuran Bank (SIZE) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, mengindikasikan adanya economy of scale. Variabel CAR dan FDR ditemukan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara parsial. Implikasi utama bagi manajemen adalah pentingnya fokus pada efisiensi (menekan BOPO) dan manajemen risiko (menekan NPF), yang sejalan dengan prinsip al-iqtishad (produktivitas) dan prudence dalam mencapai tujuan falah dalam kerangka Ekonomi Islam.

This study aims to analyze the determinants of the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia over the 2015–2024 period using Panel Data Regression Analysis. Financial performance is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), while the independent variables include Non Performing Financing (NPF), Operational Cost to Operational Income (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Bank Size (SIZE). Based on the Chow and Hausman Tests, the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) was selected as the best estimation model. The estimation results show that, simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affect ROA. Partially, NPF and BOPO were found to have a negative and significant effect on ROA, indicating that credit risk and operational inefficiency directly suppress the bank’s profitability. Conversely, Bank\ Size\ (SIZE) had a positive and significant effect, suggesting the presence of an economy\ of\ scale. The CAR and FDR variables were found to be statistically insignificant. The key implication for management is the necessity of focusing on operational efficiency (reducing BOPO) and stringent risk management (reducing NPF), aligning these practices with the Islamic principles of al-iqtishad (productivity) and prudence for achieving prosperity (falah).