EFEK VARIABILITAS LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP DINAMIKA KARBON DAN NUTRIEN DI AGROEKOSISTEM KELAPA SAWIT: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS

Abstrak

Agroekosistem kelapa sawit di Indonesia menunjukkan dinamika lingkungan yang kompleks akibat variasi kondisi biofisik dan praktik pengelolaan lahan. Variabilitas lingkungan seperti umur tanaman, kondisi hidrologi, sistem drainase, serta keberadaan vegetasi bawah memengaruhi keseimbangan karbon dan siklus nutrien dalam ekosistem perkebunan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis pengaruh variabilitas lingkungan terhadap dinamika karbon dan nutrien pada agroekosistem kelapa sawit menggunakan pendekatan SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type). Kajian dilakukan melalui penelusuran dan sintesis artikel jurnal nasional Indonesia yang relevan, termasuk hasil-hasil penelitian empiris pada lahan mineral dan lahan gambut. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kondisi lingkungan dan pengelolaan lahan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap emisi karbon, cadangan karbon, serta ketersediaan unsur hara tanah, sehingga integrasi pengelolaan lingkungan menjadi kunci keberlanjutan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia.

Oil palm agroecosystems in Indonesia are characterized by intricate environmental dynamics driven by diverse biophysical conditions and land management approaches. Variations in environmental factors, such as stand age, hydrological regimes, drainage infrastructure, and understory vegetation, substantially influence carbon balance and nutrient cycling within plantation systems. This study presents a systematic review examining how environmental variability affects carbon and nutrient dynamics in oil palm agroecosystems, applying the SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research Type) framework. The review synthesizes findings from relevant Indonesian national journal publications, encompassing empirical research conducted on both mineral soils and peatland environments. The results demonstrate that shifts in environmental conditions and land management practices have a significant impact on carbon emissions, carbon storage, and soil nutrient availability. Consequently, the adoption of integrated and environmentally responsive management practices is crucial to enhance the long-term sustainability of oil palm plantations in Indonesia.