UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN PATIKAN KEBO (Euphorbia hirta L.) TERHADAP Bacillus cereus

Abstrak

Daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder, seperti flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, dan saponin, yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap Bacillus cereus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol daun patikan kebo terhadap B. cereus. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol 96%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30%, 50%, 70%, dan 90%, dengan ciprofloxacin sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun patikan kebo mampu menghambat pertumbuhan B. cereus dengan diameter zona hambat rata-rata 19 mm (30%) hingga 20,6 mm (90%), yang tergolong dalam kategori kuat hingga sangat kuat. Namun, daya hambat tersebut masih lebih rendah dibandingkan ciprofloxacin (31,3 mm). Analisis statistik menggunakan One Way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan (p < 0,001). Dengan demikian, ekstrak metanol daun patikan kebo berpotensi sebagai sumber antibakteri alami terhadap Bacillus cereus.

Euphorbia hirta L. leaves are known to contain secondary metabolite compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, which have the potential to act as antibacterials against Bacillus cereus. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta leaves against B. cereus. The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method using 96% methanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening results showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out using the well diffusion method at extract concentrations of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%, with ciprofloxacin as a positive control. The test results showed that the methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta leaves was able to inhibit the growth of B. cereus with an average inhibition zone diameter of 19.0 mm (30%) to 20.6 mm (90%), which is classified as strong to very strong. However, this inhibition is still lower than ciprofloxacin (31.3 mm). Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.001). Thus, the methanol extract of patikan kebo leaves has the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial source against Bacillus cereus.