VENTILASI RUMAH DAN PERILAKU MEROKOK SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENENTU KEPARAHAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS AJUNG

Abstrak

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Tuberkulosis paru masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan perilaku merokok dan kondisi ventilasi dengan faktor predisposisi keparahan tuberkulosis paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ajung. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang cross sectional dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 103 penderita tuberkulosis paru yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Data perilaku merokok dan faktor predisposisi (pengetahuan, sikap, keyakinan, persepsi) diperoleh melalui kuesioner, sedangkan kondisi ventilasi diukur berdasarkan perbandingan luas bukaan dengan luas lantai rumah. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku merokok dengan faktor predisposisi keparahan tuberkulosis paru (ρ = 0,156; p = 0,116). Namun, terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara ventilasi dengan faktor predisposisi keparahan tuberkulosis paru (ρ = −0,248; p = 0,012), yang berarti semakin baik ventilasi rumah, maka tingkat keparahan tuberkulosis paru cenderung menurun Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ventilasi rumah memiliki peran penting dalam menurunkan tingkat keparahan tuberkulosis paru, sementara perilaku merokok tidak terbukti berhubungan signifikan. Hasil ini menekankan pentingnya intervensi perbaikan lingkungan, khususnya ventilasi rumah, dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian keparahan tuberkulosis paru.

Introduce and aim: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major health problem in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between smoking behavior and ventilation conditions with predisposing factors for pulmonary tuberculosis severity in the Ajung Community Health Center work area. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design with 103 respondents with pulmonary tuberculosis selected based on inclusion criteria. Data on smoking behavior and predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions) were obtained through questionnaires, while ventilation conditions were measured by comparing the area of openings to the floor area of the house. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The study showed no significant relationship between smoking behavior and predisposing factors for pulmonary tuberculosis severity (ρ = 0.156; p = 0.116). However, there was a significant negative relationship between ventilation and predisposing factors for pulmonary tuberculosis severity (ρ = −0.248; p = 0.012), meaning that better home ventilation tends to decrease the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis. Meanwhile, lighting was not significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis severity (ρ = −0.064; p = 0.524). Conclusion: This study shows that home ventilation plays a significant role in reducing the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis, while smoking behavior was not significantly associated. These results emphasize the importance of environmental improvement interventions, particularly home ventilation, in efforts to prevent and control the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis.