SAKRALITAS MALAM SATU SURO DI GUNUNG LAWU: KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA BUDAYA ATAS MISTISISME, SPIRITUALITAS, DAN SIMBOL PASAR GAIB DI JALUR CEMORO SEWU

Abstrak

Tradisi peringatan Malam Satu Suro di Gunung Lawu merupakan salah satu manifestasi spiritualitas Jawa yang paling kompleks dan penuh lapisan makna simbolik. Kawasan Gunung Lawu, terutama jalur pendakian Cemoro Kandang, menjadi pusat penziarahan mistik yang menyatukan elemen ritual, mitos, dan pengalaman religius masyarakat. Setiap tahun, pada malam pergantian bulan Suro, ratusan peziarah melakukan perjalanan hening, tirakatan, dan laku spiritual di lereng Lawu, dengan keyakinan bahwa malam tersebut merupakan waktu paling sakral untuk penyucian batin dan penyelarasan diri dengan alam semesta. Fenomena pasar gaib yang diyakini muncul di sekitar Cemoro kandang dipandang sebagai representasi simbolik dunia tak kasat mata, tempat bertemunya dimensi manusia dan makhluk halus, sekaligus penegasan akan batas sakral antara dunia lahir dan batin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan semiotika budaya dengan berbasis studi literatur yang menelaah berbagai sumber tertulis, seperti naskah-naskah Jawa kuno, karya sastra, catatan etnografis, dan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Melalui kajian teks dan interpretasi simbolik, penelitian ini menafsirkan tanda, simbol, dan mitos yang muncul dalam tradisi Malam Satu Suro di Gunung Lawu guna memahami makna spiritual di balik praktik-praktik kejawen tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Gunung Lawu berfungsi bukan hanya sebagai ruang geografis, tetapi juga sebagai medan spiritual yang menghadirkan komunikasi simbolik antara manusia dan kekuatan adikodrati. Ritual-ritual seperti topo bisu, jamasan pusaka, dan perjalanan malam melalui Cemoro Kandang menjadi bentuk ekspresi mistisisme yang meneguhkan identitas religius masyarakat Jawa. Tradisi ini menggambarkan cara masyarakat menjaga hubungan harmonis dengan alam, leluhur, dan tuhan, serta meneguhkan kembali nilai kejawen yang berpadu dengan spiritualitas lokal.

The tradition of commemorating Malam Satu Suro on Mount Lawu is one of the most complex manifestations of Javanese spirituality, rich in symbolic meaning. The Mount Lawu area, especially the Cemoro Kandang climbing route, is a center of mystical pilgrimage that combines ritual, myth, and the religious experiences of the community. Every year, on the eve of the Suro month, hundreds of pilgrims undertake a silent journey, performing rituals and spiritual practices on the slopes of Lawu, believing that this night is the most sacred time for spiritual purification and alignment with the universe. The phenomenon of the supernatural market, which is believed to appear around Cemoro Kandang, is seen as a symbolic representation of the invisible world, a meeting place between humans and spirits, as well as an affirmation of the sacred boundary between the physical and spiritual worlds. This study uses a cultural semiotics approach based on a literature review that examines various written sources, such as ancient Javanese manuscripts, literary works, ethnographic records, and relevant previous research results. Through textual analysis and symbolic interpretation, this study interprets the signs, symbols, and myths that appear in the tradition of Malam Satu Suro on Mount Lawu in order to understand the spiritual meaning behind these Javanese practices. The results of the study show that Mount Lawu functions not only as a geographical space, but also as a spiritual field that facilitates symbolic communication between humans and supernatural forces. Rituals such as topo bisu, jamasan pusaka, and night journeys through Cemoro Kandang are forms of mysticism that reinforce the religious identity of the Javanese people. These traditions illustrate how the community maintains harmonious relationships with nature, ancestors, and God, as well as reaffirming Javanese values that are intertwined with local spirituality.