TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASI KONVENSI BASEL DALAM PENGIRIMAN SAMPAH PLASTIK INTERNASIONAL: STUDI KASUS BELANDA-INDONESIA (2019-2022)

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengiriman limbah yang mengandung bahan berbahaya, sehingga menjadi suatu permasalahan bagi seluruh negara didunia, karena dapat menggangu tata kelola lingkungan secara global. Konvensi Basel sebagai instrumen hukum internasional telah mengatur pengendalian pergerakan lintas batas limbah berbahaya dan diperkuat melalui Amandemen 2019 yang memasukkan sampah plastik ke dalam mekanisme Prior Informed Consent (PIC). Namun, dalam praktiknya, implementasi ketentuan tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tantangan implementasi Konvensi Basel dalam pengiriman sampah plastik internasional melalui studi kasus hubungan Belanda–Indonesia pada periode 2019–2022, serta menilai urgensi penguatan tata kelola limbah lintas negara. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif normatif dengan analisis deskriptif, melalui kajian terhadap perjanjian internasional, peraturan perundang-undangan nasional, laporan organisasi internasional, serta literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwasannya tantangan utama dalam implementasi Konvensi Basel meliputi ketidakjelasan standar klasifikasi limbah plastik, lemahnya mekanisme penegakan hukum internasional, dominasi kepentingan ekonomi dan politik negara pengekspor, serta keterbatasan kapasitas teknis dan pengawasan di negara penerima.

This study discusses the shipment of waste containing hazardous materials, which has become a problem for all countries in the world because it can disrupt global environmental management. The Basel Convention, as an international legal instrument, regulates the control of transboundary movements of hazardous waste and was strengthened through the 2019 Amendment, which included plastic waste in the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) mechanism. However, in practice, the implementation of these provisions still faces various challenges. This study aims to analyze the challenges of implementing the Basel Convention in international plastic waste shipments through a case study of the Netherlands-Indonesia relationship in the period 2019-2022, as well as to assess the urgency of strengthening transboundary waste management. The methodology used is a normative qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, through a review of international agreements, national legislation, reports from international organizations, and relevant scientific literature. The results of this study indicate that the main challenges in implementing the Basel Convention include unclear standards for plastic waste classification, weak international law enforcement mechanisms, the dominance of the economic and political interests of exporting countries, and limited technical and monitoring capacity in recipient countries.