ANALISIS TINGKAT HARGA KELAPA SAWIT MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN PAMENANG SELATAN

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak fluktuasi harga kelapa sawit terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Kecamatan Pamenang Selatan serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebabnya. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fluktuasi harga sawit memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pada saat harga tinggi, pendapatan petani meningkat sehingga mampu mencukupi kebutuhan pokok, biaya pendidikan, dan mendorong tumbuhnya usaha kecil. Sebaliknya, ketika harga menurun, pendapatan petani berkurang drastis, daya beli melemah, utang meningkat, bahkan keberlangsungan pendidikan anak ikut terganggu. Lebih lanjut, penelitian menemukan bahwa fluktuasi harga dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal mencakup kualitas tandan buah segar (TBS), produktivitas kebun, biaya produksi yang tinggi, cuaca ekstrem, serta keterbatasan sarana perawatan. Sementara itu, faktor eksternal meliputi dinamika harga pasar global, kebijakan pemerintah, serta peran tengkulak dalam rantai distribusi yang melemahkan posisi tawar petani kecil. Untuk itu, diperlukan strategi komprehensif berupa penyediaan sarana produksi terjangkau, konsistensi regulasi, hilirisasi produk sawit, diversifikasi pasar ekspor, serta penguatan kelembagaan petani melalui koperasi. Kesimpulannya, stabilitas harga kelapa sawit merupakan aspek krusial yang menentukan keberlanjutan pembangunan sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan kesejahteraan petani sawit skala kecil di Kecamatan Pamenang Selatan.

This study aims to analyze the impact of palm oil price fluctuations on the socio-economic conditions of the community in Pamenang Selatan District and to identify the contributing factors. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that fluctuations in palm oil prices significantly affect community welfare. When prices are high, farmers’ income increases, enabling them to meet basic needs, cover educational expenses, and foster the growth of small businesses. Conversely, when prices decline, farmers’ income decreases drastically, purchasing power weakens, debt increases, and even children’s education sustainability is disrupted. Furthermore, the study finds that price fluctuations are influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include the quality of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), farm productivity, high production costs, extreme weather, and limited farming facilities. External factors involve global market price dynamics, government policies, and the role of middlemen in the distribution chain, which weaken smallholders’ bargaining power. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is required, including the provision of affordable production facilities, regulatory consistency, palm oil downstreaming, export market diversification, and strengthening farmer institutions through cooperatives. In conclusion, palm oil price stability is a crucial aspect that determines the sustainability of socio-economic development and the welfare of small-scale palm oil farmers in Pamenang Selatan District.