JOURNAL REVIEW: SOLID DISPERSION CARRIER

Abstrak

Solid dispersion is one of the most effective formulation techniques to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of drugs that are classified as poorly water-soluble. Low solubility causes low bioavailability, so a formulation approach that is able to modify the physicochemical properties of the drug is needed. This review aims to summarize the latest developments related to the use of various types of carriers, manufacturing methods, and their effectiveness in increasing the solubility and dissolution of drugs through a solid dispersion system. Various studies were analyzed using the method of smelting, solvent evaporation, freeze-drying, co-grinding, to a ternary approach, with carriers such as PVP, HPMC, PEG 4000/6000/8000, poloxamer, chitosan, and surfactant. Almost all solid dispersion formulations succeed in increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug compared to the pure form. This increase is influenced by the drug-carrier ratio, polymer properties, and preparation methods. Some studies even report an increase in dissolution more than double and an increase in solubility up to 100 times in certain drugs. Hydrophilic carriers such as PVP and PEG consistently provide the best results, while the combination of ternary with surfactants increases stability and inhibits recrystallization. Solid dispersion is a very potential formulation approach in overcoming drug solubility problems. The right carrier selection, component ratio optimization, and appropriate manufacturing methods are key factors for the success of increasing drug bioavailability.