REVIEW : POLIMER SINTETIS YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM SEDIAAN FARMASI

Abstrak

Peran polimer sintesis dalam formulasi sediaan farmasi berbahan alam semakin mendapat perhatian karena kemampuannya meningkatkan stabilitas fisik dan mutu sediaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan berbagai jenis polimer sintesis dalam formulasi sediaan farmasi melalui identifikasi konsentrasi optimum yang mampu menghasilkan karakteristik fisik terbaik. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 40 artikel ilmiah nasional yang memformulasikan ekstrak bahan alam ke dalam berbagai bentuk sediaan, termasuk gel, emulgel, pasta gigi gel, masker gel peel-off, spray gel, sampo, lotion, hingga hidrogel. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Carbopol/Carbomer 940, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), dan Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC) merupakan polimer yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai gelling agent dan pembentuk struktur sediaan. Konsentrasi polimer terbukti menjadi faktor penentu terhadap performa fisik, dengan rentang optimum yang paling konsisten yaitu Carbopol 1–2%, HPMC 4–5%, dan Na-CMC 4–5%, yang mampu menghasilkan stabilitas organoleptik, homogenitas, viskositas, pH, daya sebar, dan daya lekat sesuai standar. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan jenis serta konsentrasi polimer sintesis yang tepat sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan formulasi sediaan farmasi berbahan alam sehingga mendukung tercapainya mutu produk yang optimal.

The utilization of synthetic polymers in natural-based pharmaceutical formulations has gained significant attention due to their ability to enhance physical stability and overall product performance. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of various types of synthetic polymers in pharmaceutical dosage formulations by identifying the optimum concentration capable of producing superior physical characteristics. A total of 40 national scientific articles were examined, which incorporated natural extracts into multiple dosage forms, including gel, emulgel, gel toothpaste, peel-off gel mask, spray gel, shampoo, lotion, facial wash gel, and hydrogel. The findings indicate that Carbopol/Carbomer 940, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), and Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC) are the most commonly applied polymers functioning primarily as gelling agents and structural builders. The polymer concentration was found to be a determining factor influencing physical performance parameters, with the most consistent optimum ranges being 1–2% for Carbopol, 4–5% for HPMC, and 4–5% for Na-CMC. These concentrations resulted in the most desirable characteristics in terms of organoleptic stability, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Overall, the findings confirm that proper selection of type and concentration of synthetic polymers plays a critical role in ensuring the success of natural-based pharmaceutical formulations and achieving optimal product quality.