PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR/FISIK DI DESA LUSIDUAWUTUN KECAMATAN NAGAWUTUN KABUPATEN LEMBATA (STUDI KASUS PEMBANGUNAN JALAN DAN AIR BERSIH)

Abstrak

Pembangunan infrastruktur desa membutuhkan keterlibatan masyarakat agar hasil pembangunan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan dapat berkelanjutan. Namun, dalam praktiknya tingkat partisipasi masyarakat sering kali tidak merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur jalan dan penyediaan air bersih di Desa Lusiduawutun, Kecamatan Nagawutun, Kabupaten Lembata, menganalisis mekanisme komunikasi antara pemerintah desa dan masyarakat, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat, serta mengkaji dampak partisipasi tersebut terhadap keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan aparat pemerintah desa, tokoh masyarakat, serta warga yang terlibat aktif maupun pasif dalam pembangunan, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur bervariasi. Masyarakat yang merasakan manfaat langsung cenderung aktif mengikuti musyawarah desa dan kegiatan pembangunan, sedangkan masyarakat yang memiliki kesibukan kerja dan keterbatasan informasi cenderung kurang terlibat. Mekanisme komunikasi pemerintah desa dilakukan melalui musyawarah desa dan peran tokoh masyarakat, namun belum sepenuhnya menjangkau seluruh warga. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi partisipasi meliputi kesadaran masyarakat, kepentingan langsung, kesibukan pekerjaan, serta peran tokoh masyarakat sebagai penggerak. Partisipasi masyarakat memberikan dampak positif terhadap kelancaran pelaksanaan pembangunan, menumbuhkan rasa memiliki, dan mendukung keberlanjutan hasil pembangunan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat merupakan unsur penting dalam keberhasilan perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur desa. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar pemerintah desa meningkatkan sosialisasi, memperkuat peran tokoh masyarakat, serta melibatkan warga secara lebih merata dalam setiap tahapan perencanaan pembangunan.

Village infrastructure development requires community involvement so that the results of development are in line with needs and are sustainable. However, in practice, the level of community participation is often uneven. This study aims to determine the level of community participation in the planning of road infrastructure development and clean water supply in Lusiduawutun Village, Nagawutun District, Lembata Regency, analyze the communication mechanisms between the village government and the community, identify factors that influence community participation, and assess the impact of such participation on the success and sustainability of development. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with village government officials, community leaders, and residents who were actively or passively involved in development, field observations, and documentation. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.  The results of the study show that the level of community participation in infrastructure development planning varies. Communities that feel the direct benefits tend to actively participate in village deliberations and development activities, while communities that are busy with work and have limited information tend to be less involved. The village government’s communication mechanism is carried out through village deliberations and the role of community leaders, but it has not fully reached all residents. Factors that influence participation include community awareness, direct interests, work commitments, and the role of community leaders as motivators. Community participation has a positive impact on the smooth implementation of development, fosters a sense of ownership, and supports the sustainability of development outcomes. The conclusion of this study shows that community participation is an important element in the success of rural infrastructure development planning. Therefore,   tis recommended that village governments increase socialization, strengthen the role of community leaders, and involve residents more evenly in every stage of development planning.