EFEKTIVITAS TOKEN ECONOMY DALAM MENURUNKAN PERILAKU REAKTIF EMOSIONAL PADA MAHASISWA: STUDI EKSPERIMEN SUBJEK TUNGGAL

Abstrak

Perilaku reaktif emosional merupakan manifestasi disregulasi emosi yang ditandai dengan respons emosional intens, cepat, dan sulit dikendalikan terhadap stresor eksternal, yang secara signifikan mengganggu fungsi akademik dan hubungan interpersonal mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas teknik penguatan berbasis ekonomi token dalam mengurangi frekuensi perilaku reaktif emosional pada seorang mahasiswi (DM, 21 tahun). Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental subjek tunggal (SSED) pola pembalikan A-B-A selama 35 hari dalam tiga fase: A1 (dasar, 7 hari), B (intervensi, 14 hari), dan A2 (penarikan, 14 hari). Pada fase intervensi, DM menerima satu token untuk setiap hari frekuensi perilaku reaktifnya berada di bawah ambang batas yang disepakati, yang kemudian dapat ditukar dengan penguat pilihan. Pengukuran dilakukan melalui observasi frekuensi perilaku harian menggunakan lembar tally terstruktur. Analisis grafik visual dan nilai Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) menunjukkan pengurangan frekuensi substansial dari rata-rata 6,7 insiden/hari (A1) menjadi 2,0 insiden/hari (B), dengan nilai PND sebesar 92,9% (diklasifikasikan sangat efektif). Pada fase penarikan (A2), frekuensi meningkat moderat menjadi rata-rata 3,4 insiden/hari, mengonfirmasi hubungan fungsional antara intervensi dan perubahan perilaku sekaligus mengindikasikan internalisasi parsial terhadap standar perilaku target. Temuan ini mendukung efektivitas token economy sebagai strategi modifikasi perilaku yang efisien, berbiaya rendah, dan adaptif secara individual, yang dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam layanan konseling kampus bagi mahasiswa dengan kesulitan regulasi emosi

Emotional reactive behavior is a manifestation of emotion dysregulation characterized by intense, rapid, and difficult-to-control emotional responses to external stressors, which significantly disrupts academic functioning and interpersonal relationships among university students. This study examined the effectiveness of a token economy reinforcement technique in reducing the frequency of emotional reactive behavior in a 21-year-old female undergraduate student (DM). A single-subject experimental design (SSED) with an A-B-A reversal pattern was employed across 35 days, divided into three phases: A1 (baseline, 7 days), B (intervention, 14 days), and A2 (withdrawal, 14 days). During the intervention phase, DM received a token for each day her frequency of reactive behavior remained below an agreed threshold, which could later be exchanged for preferred backup reinforcers. Measurement was conducted through daily behavioral frequency observation using structured tally sheets. Visual graph analysis and Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) calculations demonstrated a substantial reduction in frequency from a mean of 6.7 incidents/day (A1) to 2.0 incidents/day (B), with a PND value of 92.9% (classified as highly effective). During the withdrawal phase (A2), frequency increased moderately to a mean of 3.4 incidents/day, confirming the functional relationship between the intervention and behavioral change while indicating partial internalization of the target behavior standard. These findings support the effectiveness of token economy as an efficient, low-cost, and individually adaptable behavior modification strategy that can be integrated into university counseling services for students with emotion regulation difficulties