ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEJADIAN STUNTING DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah masalah kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi. Berdasarkan prevalensi balita stunting di Indonesia sebanyak 21,6% pada tahun 2022.Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi karakteristik faktor penyebab kejadian stunting seperti air minum utama, jamban, terlalu muda dan terlalu tua saat hamil, jarak kehamilan, paritas di kota Banjarmasin.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 kecamatan.Hasil: Dari 6 kecamatan yang ada di kota Banjarmasin, adapun kecamatan  tertinggi yang memiliki sumber air minum yang layak tertinggi terdapat di kecamatan Banjarmasin timur sebanyak 99,7%, memiliki jamban layak tertingi  di kecamatan Banjarmasin timur sebanyak 88,4%, terlalu muda saat hamil tidak beresiko tertinggi terdapat di kecamatan Banjarmasin barat sebanyak 99,6%, terlalu tua saat hamil tidak beresiko tertinggi terdapat di kecamatan Banjarmasin timur sebanyak 75,6%, jarak kehamilan > 2 tahun tertinggi terdapat di kecamatan Banjarmasin utara sebanyak 99,5%, menurut paritas < 3 anak tertinggi tertadapat di kecamatan Banjarmasin utara sebanyak 76,7%. Perlunya meningkatkan program terkait menyediakan akses air bersih dan jamban layak pada masyarakat, memberikan pendidikan tentang kehamilan, jarak kehamilan dan jumlah anak.Simpulan: Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting pada balita adalah keluarga dengan sumber air minum yang tidak layak, keluarga dengan jamban yang tidak layak, terlalu muda dan terlalu tua saat hamil, jarak kehamilan, paritas. Faktor tersebut juga akan mempengaruhi pola asuh dan asupan nutrisi yang diberikan kepada anaknya.

Background: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by insufficient nutritional intake for a long time due to the provision of food that does not match nutritional needs. Based on the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia, it is 21.6% in 2022.Objective: Identifying the characteristics of the factors that cause stunting such as main drinking water, latrines, being too young and too old during pregnancy, spacing of pregnancies, parity in the city of Banjarmasin.

Methods: This type of research is descriptive quantitative using secondary data. The population and sample in this study are 6 districts.Results: Of the 6 sub-districts in the city of Banjarmasin, the highest sub-district that has the highest source of proper drinking water is in the East Banjarmasin sub-district as much as 99.7%, has the highest decent latrines in the East Banjarmasin sub-district as much as 88.4%, too young during pregnancy is not the highest risk was in the West Banjarmasin sub-district as much as 99.6%, being too old during pregnancy was not at the highest risk in the East Banjarmasin sub-district as much as 75.6%, the highest interval of pregnancy > 2 years was in the North Banjarmasin sub-district as much as 99.5%, according to parity The highest < 3 children were in the North Banjarmasin sub-district as much as 76.7%. There is a need to improve programs related to providing access to clean water and proper latrines in the community, providing education about pregnancy, pregnancy spacing and number of childrenConclusion: Factors that influence the occurrence of stunting in children under five are families with inadequate drinking water sources, families with inadequate latrines, too young and too old during pregnancy, spacing of pregnancies, parity. These factors will also affect the parenting style and nutritional intake given to their children.