PENYAKIT-PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA DI BIDANG INDUSTRI DAN PENGENDALIANNYA

Abstrak

Penyakit akibat kerja (PAK) merupakan gangguan kesehatan yang timbul akibat paparan berbagai faktor bahaya di lingkungan kerja, seperti faktor fisik, kimia, biologis, ergonomi, dan psikososial. Peningkatan aktivitas industri menyebabkan semakin beragamnya potensi bahaya yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan pekerja sehingga diperlukan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai jenis penyakit akibat kerja di bidang industri, mengidentifikasi hazard dan faktor risiko penyebabnya, serta menganalisis upaya pengendalian yang dapat diterapkan. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui analisis enam artikel ilmiah yang relevan. Data diekstraksi berdasarkan judul penelitian, penulis, tahun terbit, publikasi, tujuan penelitian, metode penelitian, dan hasil temuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Hazard yang dominan meliputi paparan debu, bahan kimia, kebisingan, getaran, faktor ergonomi, serta ketidakpatuhan dalam penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD). Upaya pengendalian yang direkomendasikan meliputi penerapan hierarki pengendalian bahaya, penggunaan APD, perbaikan ergonomi, pengendalian lingkungan kerja, pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala, pelatihan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), serta penguatan budaya kerja yang aman.

Occupational diseases (OCD) are health disorders that arise from exposure to various hazardous factors in the work environment, such as physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors. Increased industrial activity has led to an increasing variety of potential hazards that can affect workers' health, requiring effective prevention and control efforts. This study aims to examine various types of occupational diseases in the industrial sector, identify hazards and their causative risk factors, and analyze applicable control efforts. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the analysis of six relevant scientific articles. Data were extracted based on the study title, author, year of publication, publication, research objectives, research methods, and findings. The study results indicate that the dominant hazards include exposure to dust, chemicals, noise, vibration, ergonomic factors, and non-compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Recommended control efforts include the application of the hazard control hierarchy, the use of PPE, ergonomic improvements, work environment control, periodic health checks, occupational safety and health (OHS) training, and strengthening a safe work culture.