PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SISWI MENGANALISIS SUMBER SEJARAH LOKAL MELALUI PENDEKATAN HISTORICAL INVESTIGATION PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERPADU KELAS VIIIA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan siswi kelas VIIIA dalam menganalisis sumber sejarah lokal setelah diterapkannya pendekatan Historical Investigation (investigasi historis) pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh observasi bahwa siswi masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menginterpretasi, mengevaluasi, dan mengaitkan sumber sejarah lokal secara kritis, yang berakibat pada rendahnya pemahaman kontekstual sejarah daerah mereka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 siswi kelas VIIIA. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi tes kemampuan analisis sumber sejarah (pre-test dan post-test), lembar observasi aktivitas siswi, dan catatan lapangan. Pendekatan Historical Investigation dalam penelitian ini melibatkan langkah-langkah: sourcing (mengidentifikasi penulis/asal sumber), contextualizing (menempatkan sumber dalam konteks waktu dan tempat), corroboration (membandingkan sumber), dan close reading (membaca mendalam). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan kemampuan siswi dalam menganalisis sumber sejarah lokal. Rata-rata nilai tes kemampuan analisis pada tahap pra-siklus sebesar 65,0 (kategori Kurang), meningkat menjadi 78,5 pada Siklus I (kategori Cukup Baik), dan mencapai 89,0 pada Siklus II (kategori Baik Sekali). Peningkatan ini didukung oleh data observasi yang menunjukkan peningkatan keaktifan dan keterlibatan siswi dalam proses pembelajaran, khususnya dalam berdiskusi, mengajukan pertanyaan kritis, dan menyajikan temuan investigasi mereka. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan Historical Investigation efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswi kelas VIIIA SMP/MTs dalam menganalisis sumber sejarah lokal pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu. Implikasi penelitian ini menyarankan guru IPS untuk mengadopsi pendekatan ini sebagai strategi alternatif guna mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir historis dan analisis kritis siswi terhadap materi sejarah lokal.

This study was conducted to describe the improvement of the ability of VIIIA grade female students in analyzing local historical sources after the implementation of the Historical Investigation approach in Integrated Social Studies subjects. The background of the study was based on the observation that female students still experience difficulties in interpreting, evaluating, and linking local historical sources critically, which results in a low contextual understanding of their regional history. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was implemented in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 30 VIIIA grade female students. Data collection techniques included historical source analysis ability tests (pre-test and post-test), student activity observation sheets, and field notes. The Historical Investigation approach in this study involved the following steps: sourcing (identifying the author/source origin), contextualizing (placing sources in the context of time and place), corroboration (comparing sources), and close reading (in-depth reading). The results showed a significant improvement in the students' ability in analyzing local historical sources. The average analytical ability test score in the pre-cycle stage was 65.0 (Poor category), increased to 78.5 in Cycle I (Quite Good category), and reached 89.0 in Cycle II (Very Good category). This increase was supported by observation data that showed an increase in students' activeness and involvement in the learning process, especially in discussions, asking critical questions, and presenting their investigative findings. It can be concluded that the Historical Investigation approach is effective in improving the ability of class VIIIA SMP/MTs female students in analyzing local historical sources in Integrated Social Studies subjects. The implications of this study suggest that Social Studies teachers adopt this approach as an alternative strategy to develop students' historical thinking skills and critical analysis of local history materials.